A 13th century polemical anthology (Paris MS).Sefer Joseph Hamekane "Book of Joseph the Official" of rabbi Joseph ben Nathan, 13th century (Paris MS).Sefer Nizzahon Yashan "The Book of Victory" (in Latin Nizzahon vetus), 13th century.Toledot Yeshu "Life of Jesus", 7th century.Contains significant quotes from Matthew, apparently from a Latin text. Sefer Nestor ha-Komer "The Book of Nestor the Priest", 7th century.These treatises multiplied wherever Jews lived in proximity to Christians - such as Spain before the expulsion of the Jews from Spain in 1492. Quotations from Hebrew translations of portions of various New Testament books - including the epistles of Paul - can be found in rabbinical treatises against Catholicism. Rabbinical Jewish versions Early rabbinical citations of Matthew, 600-1300 Early Christian author Papias wrote around the year 100 that, "Matthew composed his history in the Hebrew language, and everyone translated it as he was able". Other scholars have provided linguistic and historic evidence of Shem Tov's Matthew coming from a much earlier Hebrew text that was later translated into Greek and other languages. Some scholars consider all the rabbinical versions to be translated from the Greek or Latin of the canonical Matthew, for the purpose of Jewish apologetics. These versions are to be distinguished from the Gospel of the Hebrews which was one or more works found in the Early Church, but surviving only as fragmentary quotations in Greek and Latin texts. The rabbinical translations of Matthew are rabbinical versions of the Gospel of Matthew that are written in Hebrew Shem Tob's Hebrew Gospel of Matthew, the Du Tillet Matthew, and the Münster Matthew, and which were used in polemical debate with Catholics. Rabbinical versions of the Gospel of Matthew that are written in Hebrew
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